Turkey was one of the first Muslim-majority countries to recognize Israel, formally doing so in 1949. This early recognition reflected Turkey’s Western-oriented foreign policy in the early years of the republic and its desire to align with the United States and Europe. Since then, relations between Turkey and Israel have experienced periods of cooperation as well as tension, shaped by regional politics and changing governments.
Diplomatic and military cooperation developed strongly during the 1990s. During this period, the two countries collaborated in defense, intelligence sharing, and military training. However, relations deteriorated in the late 2000s, particularly after political disagreements over the Palestinian issue and the 2010 Mavi Marmara incident. Despite diplomatic crises, neither country fully severed ties, and communication channels remained open. In recent years, efforts have been made to normalize relations again, recognizing mutual strategic and economic interests.
Business and trade relations between Turkey and Israel have remained relatively resilient, even during political tensions. Trade volume has continued to grow, with Turkey exporting goods such as steel, textiles, food products, and construction materials, while importing chemicals, technology, and agricultural products from Israel. Israeli companies have also been involved in infrastructure, energy, and technology projects in Turkey, while Turkish firms have found markets in Israel.