DALKII LA WAAYAY (qaybtii 1aad)
(Yoguslavia 1171 – 2006)
Taariikh taxane ah. (Qabaa’ilka iSlaviska, Dagaalkii koowaad ee Aduunka)
Magaca Yoguslavia (Jugoslavija) sidaan ayuu ku noqonayaa afafka dalalka la isku oran jiray Yoguslavia; Luuqadda Serbo-Croatian: Jugoslavija/Југославија, Luuqadda Slovene: Jugoslavija, Luuqadda Macedonian: Југославија. Macnaha guud ee erayga (Yug-o-Slavia) [Jug/југ = south] “land of the south Slavs” ..
Magacaasi Waxaa uu u noqonayaa Qabaa’ilka iSlaviyiinta (Slavic, Slavis) oo deganaa bariga dhulka balkan-ka ee bariga qaarada Yurub qarniyadii 6 aad iyo 7 aad ee miilaadiga, waxay midoobeen markii ugu horeeysay 1171. Laakiin waxaa midnimadaas burburiyay Cusmaaniyiintii kadib markii ay kaga adkaadeen Serbianka Dagaalkii Masefield (Kosovo Field) ee lagu jabiyay serbiyiinta 1483, Cusmaaniyiinta ayaa mideeyay wadamadii balkanska 1499 iyagoo ka dhigay qayb hoostimaada Empiraadooriyadii Cusmaaniyiinta (Ottoman Empire) afartii qarni ee ka dambeeysay.
Waxay Serbiyiintu xornimadooda la soo laabteen sanadihii 1877/1878 markaas oo Cusmaaniyiinta lagaga adkaaday dagaalkii “Raashiyiinta iyo Cusmaaniyiinta” (Russo-Turkish War 1877–78). Waxa ay serbiyiintu 1882 kii ku dhawaaqeen boqortooyadii Serbia (Serbian Kingdom 1882-1918). Markaas oo shucuubtii kale ee (Croatian, Slovinian, bosnian and herzegovinan) ay si dadban u hoostagayeen awaamirta Empiradoriyadii (Hungarian-Austrian Empire) Empiredoriyadaas ayaa gacanta ku haysay shucuubta iSlaviyiinta waxayna raadinayeen mideeynta qowmiyada iSlavianka ee dhulka balkanska.
DAGAALKII KOOWAAD EE ADUUNKA.
28 June 1914 maalin axad ah marka ay saacadu ahayd 10:45am magaalada Sarajevo “Archduke Franz-Ferdinand” Amiirkii boqortooyadii Hungari-Austria ayaa isaga iyo xaaskiisa “Sophie” waxaa shirqool ku khaarijiyay Serbian xagjir ah. Dhacdadaan ayaa sababtay in uu qarxo dagaalkii ugu waynaa ee abid aduunka soo mara (Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Aduunka WW1)
Horaantii 1914 ma jirin cid saadaalin kartay in bilo gudahood dunidu ay galayso dagaal baahsan oo si ba’an loogu hoobto. Meelo badan sanadihii ka horeeyay dagaalka WW1 waxay ahaayeen xilli nabad iyo barwaaqo ay ka jireen Europe, balse ma ahayn kuwo aanay xiisad ka maqnayn. Dunida ayaa waxaa xilligaas ku badnaa rabitaanka Imbaridooriyadaha ee kuwii loogu yeerayay ‘Quwadaha waawayn’, ku dhowaadna labaatan sano ayaa Europe ay hub uruursanaysay si ay isugu diyaariso dagaal wayn.
Sheekada ka dambeeysa dilka amiirka waa sheeko dheer oo aan qoraalkeeda halkaan lagu soo koobi karin, balse hadaanu sida ay wax u dhaceen ka taabanno ,,
Iyada oo shucuubtii iSlafiyiintu kala go’een oo qaybina Serbka raacday qaybta kalena ay Hangariyiintu xukumayaan ayaa waxa bilaabmay kooxo markii hore qaab sirri ah u sameeysmay oo ay beeralayda shucuubtaasi qorshohoodu ahaa ineey ku halgamaan si ay uga xoroobaan Hangaariyiinta iyo Austriyiinta, koox casaabo ah oo la baxday “Young Bosnia” iyo koox kale ee ay ku mideeysanyihiin iSlaviyiin reer koonfureed ah oo la baxay “Black Hand” (waa kooxda uu ka socday wiilka khaarijiyay amiirka) kooxahaan dadka xubnaha ka ahi waxay u badanaayeen beeraleeyda iSlaviyiinta, qorshaha khaarijinta ninkan ayaa u dhacay sidii la rabay,, Gavrilo Princip (wiilka dilka geystay) ayaa ka soo jeeda qoys beeraley sabool ah. Kaasoo si ula kac ah amiirka iyo xaaskiisa ku toogtay iyaga oo xaflad isku diyaarinaya.
Dhacdadan ma ahayn in ay dagaal horseeddo balse Austria-Hungary ayaa u adeegsatay suurtagalnimada warar aan la xaqiijin ee ahaa in Serbia ku lug lahayd in ay u tahay fursad ay si kama dambays ah ugu burburiso Serbia.
Bishii July 5-6, boqorka iyo ra’iisul wasaaraha Germnay, ayaa u xaqiijiyay safiirka Austria ee Berlin in uu ku taageerayo hadii ay Serbia weerarto. Suurtagal ma ahayn in tallaabadan ay u aragto xukuumadda Austria-Hungary in uu dagaal guud ay dhalin karto – waxay rajaynaysay guul military oo deg deg ah oo ay ka hesho deriskeeda dhibka badan.
Bishii July 23, waqti kama dambays ah ayaa loo qabtay Serbia. Laba maalmood kadibna Seerbiyiintu way soo jawaabeen, waxaana ay aqbaleen wixii laga dalbaday oo dhan marka laga reebo laba qodob oo u ogolaanayay in maamulkii Austria-Hungary uu si toos ah u faragaliyo arrimaha gudaha Serbia. Inkastoo jawaabta Serbia ay ahayd mid xal raadis ah, hadana maamulka Austria-Hungary wuxuu ku dhawaaqay dagaal bishii July 28, taas oo horseedday dhacdooyin isdaba jog ah oo dhaliyay in dagaalku uu dalal kale ku baaho. Russia ayaa markiiba ku baaqay in uu qayb ahaan ciidankiisa diyaariyo si uu ugu qasbo Austria-Hungary ay dib uga laabato duulaankeeda.
Bishii July, 31, ayaa Russia waxay amartay si buuxda in ciidamada ay u diyaariso, iyadoo ka jawaabaysa Germany oo tallaabo noocaas ah qaaday. Sidoo kale boqortooyada ingriiska.
Dagaalkaas waxa uu ahaa kii ugu ba’naa ee dunida soo mara marka loo eego tirada khasaaraha nafeed. 17 million oo ruux ayaa lagu waayay, in ka badan 20 million kalena waa ku dhaawacneen, intii uu socday Dagaalkii Koowaad ee soo idlaaday November 1918.
BUUGAAGTA IYO AFLAANTA WW1.
BOOKS
-All Quiet on the Western Front (Mass Market Paperback) by Erich Maria Remarque (1929).
-The Guns of August (Paperback)
by Barbara W. Tuchman (1962).
-Dead Wake: The Last Crossing of the Lusitania (Hardcover)
by Erik Larson (2015).
-The First World War (Paperback)
by John Keegan (1998).
MOVIES
-All Quiet on the Western Front (1930)
Director: Lewis Milestone.
-Paths of Glory (1957)
Director: Stanley Kubrick.
-King and Country (1964)
Director: Joseph Losey.
subject to copyright.
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FG: Taariikhda Yugoslavia 1914 ilaa 1919 waxay ku milmeeysaa Taariikhda Dagaalkii koowaad, sidaas darteed; qorshahaygu maaha inaan soo gudbiyo Dagaalkii koowaad. Sidaas si la mid ah Sooyaalka Dalalkii la isku oranjiray Yugoslavia waxa saameeyn wayn ku yeelanaya Dagaalkii Labaad ee aduunka ww2. Farqooyinka dambe ayaanu xoogaa ka soo qaadan doonaa qisooyinka ww2.
Lahaanshaha sawirka ..
Photo: Thronfolger Franz Ferdinand (c) APA
(HEERESGESCHICHTLICHES MUSEUM WIEN)
W/Q Mohamed Ahmed – Lafoole